I worked with 68K processors during the early phase of my professional career for embedded applications, but I am unfamiliar with how 68K were used in desktop applications. I like to explore the various uses of 68K in the general desktop usage which means interface with disk, keyboard, ethernet, USB, video and operating systems.

During the recession of 2007/2008 I had many opportunities to collect 68K components, memories, and peripherals at bargain basement prices mostly on eBay and some on local electronic auctions. I purchased them as memorabilia and to tinkering with during my retirement. I'm retired now and this is a record of my tinkering. Here is an important set of tools for tinkering.

As my exploration evolved, I also became interested in Z80 and Z280, especially Z280 which is an obscure but surprisingly modern CPU.

The IP940 Base hosts Perceptics' IP940 68040 mezzanine board. This is an experimental design that may change dramatically in later iterations.

Tiny040 is an experimental 3.3V SBC based on 68040V. This design may change dramatically in later iterations.

Tiny030 is described at end of the page. It will be moved to here later on.

CB030 is follow-on to Tiny030; it'll have more memory, compact flash mass storage, and I/O expansion.

MB020 is a 4“x4” 68020-based motherboard with 3 RC2014 expansion slots. It allows RC2014 users to reuse their existing hardware to explore the 68020 processor.

Tiny020 is described near the end of this page. It will be moved here later.

MB012 is a 4“x4” 68012-based mother board with 2 I/O expansion slots.

Link to Tiny68K SBC page

Discussion about running Fuzix on Tiny68K

T68KRC, rev0.1 and T68MB are 68000 boards with RC2014 compatible bus.

BB68008 is barebones 68008 prototyped on BB6580 board. It consists of MC68008, ATF22V10, 128K RAM and 8MHz oscillator

P90CE201 is derived from 68000 but with integrated I/O that includes two I2C buses. It is not well known and I heard about it from a Facebook posting and bought a few parts from eBay. I plan to design a motherboard with it and one for Arduino Mega enclosure. First thing is a quick prototype to check out its capabilities.

X688 is quick prototype board to check out the P90CE201 I purchased from eBay.

P90MB is a motherboard based on P90CE201 with 3 RC2014-like expansion slots.

68Kuno (Kuno) is P90CE201 SBC designed for Arduino Mega enclosure

VGA65 is a bare-bone standalone 6502 computer with monochrome 640×480 VGA and PS2 keyboard

65ALL Rev1 is a stand-alone 6502 computer with RC6502 expansion connectors. The CPLD is EPM7128S in 100-pin QFP

65ALL Rev2 is very similar to 65ALL rev1 except the CPLD is EPM7128S in 84 PLCC package which is easier to find and assemble.

Z80ALL is a Z80-based CP/M ready standalone computer with monochrome VGA interface

Z80ALL with quad serial board. Standalone operation of Z80ALL is accomplished with the addition of quad serial board, PS2 keyboard, and VGA monitor.

Z80ALL rev3 PLCC version. The rev3 version of Z80ALL is compatible with rev2 Z80ALL except the CPLD is in PLCC84 package which is cheaper and easier to assemble.

I stumbled across the RC2014 community in early 2018. I like the simple backplane and large collection of I/O modules. The single inline connector can also plug into a solderless breadboard for prototyping experiments.

ZRC512 is a faster and through-hole version of ZRC. It is specifically designed for ROM-less RomWBW.

Prototype Z1RCC based on modified RIZ180 pc board. A RC2014-compatible, RomWBW-capable, Z180 SBC

Z1RCC, a RC2014-compatible, RomWBW-capable Z180 SBC

Overclocked Z1RCC to 36.8MHz based on Z8S180

ZZRCC is a single-board computer in RC2014 format (50mm X 100mm) based on Z280 processor.

RIZ180 is a simple Z180-based SBC with RC2014 expansion slots

ZRC is another simple CP/M-ready Z80 SBC capable of running ROMWBW

ZoRC, exploratory is an even simpler implementation of CP/M-ready Z80 SBC.

ZRCC, rev1 is designed as an inexpensive RC2014-compatible, CP/M-ready kit.

Z280RC is a CP/M-ready SBC Z280 designed to plug into the RC2014 and interface to its many I/O modules.

ZZ80RC is a CP/M2.2-ready SBC based on Z280 processor configured to operate in the Z80-bus compatible mode. It is designed to plug into the RC2014 bus.

ZZ80RC-CF is an enhanced version of ZZ80RC with a CF flash interface. Like ZZ80RC, it is in all through-hole technology in standard RC2014 format of 100mm x 50mm.

A Z280-based motherboard with expansion slots. The basic design is based on ZZ80RC-CF

Z80LCD is a dedicated Z80 SBC to control a 320×240 LCD display panel, UG32F01

Z80 single board computer for RC2014 is in the standard RC2014 format of 100mm x 50mm. It is a ROM-less implementation that operates at 20MHz. It also has a compact flash interface.

Z80SBC64 is a hobbyist friendly version of Z80SBCRC. All components are in through-hole technology and remain in the standard 100mm x 50mm board size.

A mother board based on Z80SBC64 with 3 RC2014 expansion connectors.

T68KRC, rev0.1 is Tiny68K that plugs into the RC2014 backplane and interface to its many I/O modules.

T68MB is T68KRC with 3 RC2014 expansion bus added. It also has a dedicated I2C connector for 128×64 OLED display.

A simple traditional SBC design with 3 RC2014 expansion connectors but without glue logic.

Simple80 Rev 1. The compact flash interface is on board. It is software compatible with original Simple80

A glue-less Z80 SBC similar to Simple80 but uses KIO (Z84C90) instead of SIO

EaZy80 Rev0. Requires significant engineering changes

Eazy80 Rev1 corrects errors in rev0 pc board

BB80, aka Muntz80, is a very simple Z80 SBC consists of Z80, RAM, and GAL22V10 (or ATF22V10).

BB80 Prototype explores the concept of very simple Z80 computer.

A traditional SBC design using a KIO (Z84C9012) and over-clocked to 22MHz. It also has 2 RC2014 expansion connectors.

K80W is similar to K80 except it is designed for RomWBW

A traditional Z80 SBC design using Z84C15. It also has 3 RC2014 expansion connectors

These are modules designed for the classical RC2014 backplane

AllCF is a compact flash or disk-on-module interface for RC2014

Diagnostic Module for RC2014. A low cost programmable multi-function logic analyzer and diagnostic aids for bringing up a RC2014 system.

Four serial ports (using 80-pin TQFP OX16C954) with 128-byte deep FIFO each for RC2014

Hobbyist-friendly quad serial board with all through-hole components

A text-based VGA display based on dual port RAM

KIORC is a module for RC2014 based on KIO, Z84C90

A module for RC2014 with 6 hex displays made of individual LED

A very low cost RAM/ROM 512K with CF interface and I2C interface

A module for RC2014 with improved 512K RAM, 512K flash, and CPLD

Rev1 of Improved 512K RAM/ROM. This version is a simplified design features all through-hole components for ease of assembly.

ProtoRC is a 100mm x 100mm prototype board. It centered around an Altera EPM7128 CPLD which interface RC2014 signals on one side and 0.1“ grid array experiment area on the other side.

• ProtoLCD is prototype of 4-line LCD display on a ProtoRC board.
• ProtoSIO2 is prototype of Zilog SIO/2 serial device on a ProtoRC board
• ProtoSound is prototype of AY2149F on a ProtoRC board.

ProtoRC1 is a 100mm x 75mm prototype board. It centered around an Altera EPM7128S CPLD. There are more dedicated 7-segment displays and compact flash interface. The prototype area is limited to one row of 300-mil or 600-mil DIPs.

• ProtoCF is a 8-bit compact flash interface on ProtoRC1 board
• ProtoSD is a SD card interface on ProtoRC1 board
• FrontPanel enters data into Z80 via PS2 keyboard, run/single-step Z80, and display address/data on 7-segment display

ProtoRC2 is very similar to ProtoRC1 with the addition of a connector for 4×20 LCD character display.

ProtoRC3 uses through-hole components only. The CPLD is Altera EPM7064S in 44-pin PLCC package socketed in a through-hole PLCC socket.

ProtoRC4 uses EPM7064STC100 that was recovered from recycled pc board

ProtoR5 uses EPM7192SQC160.

• Proto65 is a 6502 SBC based on ProtoR5

ProtoR6 uses EPM570T100. It is a 3.3V board.

IDECPLD is proto board connected via IDE (compact flash) interface

DPRAM is a prototype board based on IDT7134 dual port RAM to explore multiprocessor system. This version has a Z80 running as a slave processor and a EPM7064S CPLD as glue logic.

ZRuno is ZRCC for Arduino Mega enclosure

Kuno is P90CE201 designed for Arduino Mega enclosure

MicroZ is the Micro80 above but designed for the acrylic Arduino Mega enclosure

Zuno is Z80SBC64 designed for the acrylic Arduino Mega enclosure

Shield for RGB Panel is a 2”x4“ thin pc board with connectors that plugs into the I2C connector of Zuno. It hosts a 5×10 array of RGB LEDs

Step-by-step instruction to upgrade RC2014 Mini to run CP/M2.2

VGA65 is PCB version of VGA65 rev1 prototype

CRC65 stands for CPLD+RAM+CF+6502. It is an inexpensive, yet high performance 65C02 single board computer

CRC65 with prototype area. This is same CRC65 rev1 but with prototype area.

CRC816 is CRC65 modified to accommodate W65C816 CPU.

VGA6448 for CRC65 is a monochrome, 64 column X 48 lines text-based VGA video board for CRC65.

OC65 usesCRC65 design concept but overclocked to 36MHz and beyond!

OVRCLK65 is overclock experiment prototype for 6502 and 65816

QuadSer is four high-speed serial ports reconfigured for 6502,
CPLDTIL is 6-digit discrete LED display reconfigured for 6502,
ProtoRC is a family of RC2014 prototype boards that can be reused for 6502.

DPRAM65 is a 6502 coprocessor based on dual port RAM.

SB134 is a prototype board for W65C134. It uses a CPLD and RAM to explore W65C134.

Muntz65 is a barebone 6502 computer based on 6502, RAM, and 22V10.

VGA65 prototype is CRC65 modified as a VGA video board.

VGA65 prototype rev1 revisited the earlier VGA65 prototype and restored the original CF interface.

Proto65 is an evolving project for building a standalone 6502 computer.

Prog65 is a ROM-less 6502-based EPROM programmer that also serves as a simple 6502 single board computer.

ZG6502 is a zero-glue-logic 6502 single board computer consists of RAM, EPROM, 6502 and 6551.

• Prog65ZG is prototype version of ZG65.

CPLD6502 Trainer is a CPLD educational board with 6502 as the processor.

I purchased two Apple IIe in 2021. These are projects for Apple IIe

UltraWarp2 is a CPLD version of UltraWarp where all except one TTL logic are replaced with a CPLD

A2CPLD is an Apple II board with CPLD that can hosts different processors

EPM240 Development board is a low cost educational board based on the 3.3V EPM240 CPLD. A number of retro computers can run at 3.3V, so a mezzanine board can host the 3.3V-capable retrocomputer and plug on top of the EPM240 dev board.

Most CMOS Z80 can run at 3.5V. This 3V Z80 mezzanine board is for EPM240 dev board capable of running RomWBW.

W65C02 can be overclocked to 25MHz at 3.5V. This 3V6502 mezzanine board can drive monochrome 640×480 VGA display and interface to PS2 keyboard.

Z8S180 is rated for 3.3V operation. This 3VZ180 mezzanine board is designed for RomWBW. It can overclock to 50MHz reliably. It has been tested to 64MHz.

BB6580 is a barebone 6502 or Z80 computer. It also have an uncommitted 40-pin socket for prototyping.

Rev1 of CPLD traniner can accommodate Z80, 6502, and an uncommitted 40-pin CPU.

GRC stands for “Generic Retro Computer”. It is a new modular computer ecosystem for 8-bit processors of 1970 and 1980.

Generic 8-bit processors prototype board is a hybrid board with printed wirings and prototype area to accommodate different 8-bit, 5V processors of 1970's and 1980's. G8PP in baseline configuration serves the function of clock, paged memory, compact flash, and serial port for RC2014, resulting in a CP/M capable RC2014 system with the addition of the Z80 CPU board.

G8PP Base (need better name) is a G8PP in baseline configuration plus a processor board on a RC2014 backplane. The control signals of RC2014 (nM1, nMREQ, nRD, nWR, nIORQ) as well as the 4 spare signals are reassigned depending on the targeted processor. No hardware changes are required when change to a different processor board, but the CPLD must be reconfigured and new processor software loaded.

• G8PP + Z80
• G8PP + 8085
• G8PP + 6502
• G8PP + 6809
• G8PP + 1802
• G8PP + 68008
• G8PP + 32008

I was shocked to find out how cheaply pc boards can be fabricated, especially in the 100mm x 100mm format. This capability encourages modular construction in the size of 100mm x 100mm format and the 80-20 prototyping approach of 80% pc board and 20% hand wiring. Unfortunately, most of the board shops are in China, so there are greater cost in shipping and turn-around time. I can amortize the cost and better use the waiting time by working on multiple projects at the same time. The “Tinyxxx” naming convention denotes the 100mm x 100mm format (Tiny) followed by the name of processors, e.g. Tiny030 is the MC68030 pathfinder in 100mm x 100mm format. For ease of construction, I prefer through-hole components over surface-mount components and I'll stay with the 5V components for now.

The 68302 is one of the early 68000-based MPU of the 683xx family. The availability of System Integration Module and abundance of I/O devices make it easy to interface thus it is the first path finder project.

Tiny302 Prototype

Tiny302 pcb

Tiny302 software

Tiny302 construction log

MC68020 is arguably the most perfectly crafted 32-bit CPU. The dynamic bus sizing makes it easy to interface with 8-bit wide memories and peripheral; low power consumption means external heat sink is not necessary; abundance of registers and orthogonal instruction set make writing assembly level language easy; vector base register allows relocation of the exception tables; coprocessor architecture for expanded features notably the floating point and memory management; and it is widely used so parts & tools are readily (cheaply) available. I want to build Tiny020 in the “retro” style which means using through-hole TTL glue logics.

Tiny020 prototype

Tiny020 software

Tiny020 pc board

Tiny020 construction log

MC68030 is a mc68020 with integrated memory management unit plus data cache. I want to do Tiny030 for 3 reasons: I stumbled across a box of new, never opened, wrongly-labelled 68030 tucked away in the garage. I believe it was a part of large crate I successfully bidded on in a local auction and it may well be the most valuable item in that lot sitting there unopened for 10 years! I also want to use the large pile of 4/8/16 megabyte SIMM72 memory modules, and I want to check out Altera's tools by using the EPM7128 CPLD as the glue logic. Since I'm already successful with Tiny020, I'll use the 80-20 pcb-handwiring approach.

Tiny030 schematic

Altera 7128 CPLD schematic, Quartus design files

Tiny030 pc board

Tiny030 pc boardbuild log

Tiny030 monitor debugger

MC68040 is effectively the end of line for the 68K family. There is 68060, but it was not widely used and part is hard-to-find and expensive. I may work on a 68060 later, but not as a path finder project. The first concern with 68040 is power management. It is a power hog and heat sink design is essential–not ideal in the prototype development environment. 68040 does not have dynamic bus sizing, so all executable memory MUST be 32-bit wide. An external dynamic bus sizer can be used, but there is no space for it in the Tiny format. I'm better off using 4x 8-bit flash for boot ROM and SIMM72 for RAM.

Tiny040 schematic

Explore the concept of $10 68K initially proposed here: https://www.retrobrewcomputers.org/forum/index.php?t=msg&th=152&goto=2253&#msg_2253

Tiny68K design

Tiny68K Software

Tiny68K pc board

Tiny68K construction log

Prototype Z280 board in 100mm X 100mm format

Overclock SC114 and other modifications

Experimenting with SC114

VGAxRAM, VGA plugin for 128KB RAM. This is a pc board version of the VGA piggybacked on RAM

VGA piggybacked on RAM, a VGA prototype glued on top of a 128KB RAM and displays content of RAM as 64-column by 48-line VGA display

K. Orton's ZX79, a minimalistic Z80 computer

PLCC32 to DIP32 adapter

Soldering SMT components

Bloopers. Oops!

Repurpose the ADC SPX-MPU board–MC68302 single board computer

CP/M 68K on the MPU302, a repurposed ADC SPX-MPU board